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triangular kidneyshell
The triangular kidneyshell, scientific name ''Ptychobranchus greenii'', is a species of freshwater mussel, in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it is known from several rivers and streams in the Mobile River Basin.〔(''Ptychobranchus greenii''. ) The Nature Conservancy.〕 It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This aquatic bivalve mollusc is somewhat oval in shape and may reach 10 centimeters in length. It is yellow to yellow-brown in color. The shell is quite variable in appearance.〔USFWS. (Endangered status for eight freshwater mussels and threatened status for three freshwater mussels in the Mobile River drainage. ) ''Federal Register'' March 17, 1993.〕
When this mussel breeds it releases its larvae, termed glochidia, glued together in packets called conglutinates. The conglutinate has a sticky filament that adheres to the substrate to prevent it from being washed away. The conglutinate resembles a fly larva,〔Hartfield, P. and E. Hartfield. (1996). (Observations on the conglutinates of ''Ptychobranchus greeni'' (Conrad, 1834) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoidea). ) ''American Midland Naturalist'' 135(2) 370-75.〕 or perhaps a fish egg,〔USFWS. (11 Southeastern Mussels 5-year Review. ) April 7, 2008.〕 and it is appetizing to fish. Fish hosts such as the warrior darter (''Etheostoma bellator''), Tuskaloosa darter (''Etheostoma douglasi''), and blackbanded darter (''Percina nigrofasciata'')〔 consume the conglutinates, degrading them and releasing the glochidia, which then lodge in the fish's gills as parasites. They develop into juvenile mussels and drop out of the fish to develop further elsewhere.〔 Many other mussels in family Unionidae have a similar process.〔Watters, G. T. (1999). (Morphology of the conglutinate of the Kidneyshell Freshwater Mussel, ''Ptychobranchus fasciolaris''. ) ''Invertebrate Biology'' 118(3) 289-95.〕
This mussel was known from the Black Warrior River and tributaries, the Coosa River and its tributaries, and the Cahaba River. When it was placed on the Endangered Species List in 1993 it was limited to some tributaries of the Black Warrior River and the Conasauga River in the Coosa River drainage.〔 Any remaining specimens in the Cahaba River are now treated as members of another species, ''Ptychobranchus foremanianus''. It is extirpated from the main Black Warrior River, but it is present in at least two tributaries, which are protected within Bankhead National Forest.〔
==References==
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